Benthification in the Inland Water Ecosystems of Eurasia, some Ecological Aspects

The phenomenon of changes which are expressed in increase benthic and periphytic primary production over pelagic production in the food web, had been named as process of “benthification” or “contouring”/contourization [1] which reflect an overall alteration of the aquatic ecosystem function [1-4]. Increased water transparency after Dreissena polymorpha Pallas 1771 invasion has been favor benthic algal primary production in freshwater systems previously dominated by phytoplankton production as in the Oneida Lake, Naroch Lake, and others [4,5]. The sun light in the open ecosystems is the overriding factor that determines the distribution and diversity of autotrophes and the dreissenid invasion as mediating factor of water transparency and light penetration increasing is the most important. Therefore the dreissenid invasion to aquatic ecosystems is contributes to benthification in North American lakes [6]. The principal cause of such shift is considerable increase of water transparency that leads to growth of abundance and bottom autotrophs production and to expansion of habitat by autotrophs and bottom photosynthesis in depth [2]. Zebra mussel is the important supplier of phosphorus and nitrogen according excretion of them. However during night time, when in filamentous algae congestions the content of oxygen can sharply decrease [7], diffusion of phosphorus from bottom sediments to water essentially increases. Thus, system of backward and forward linkages in community (in complete community) promotes activation of biogeochemical cycles within marginal groups [2]. An obtaining of trustworthy information about their structure and functioning is necessary. But monitoring only allows accumulating data about ecosystem, thus the methodology of estimations of a techno-ecosystems condition, degree of influence of technogenic factors on a live part of all system, influence of last one on environment is necessary. The same can be called for the lake ecosystems because the lakes and lake-type water bodies such as wetlands, estuaries, and reservoirs, including the cooling pool plants are important as sources and collectors of water. Principles of the Water Frame Directive of EEC (WFD-2000) can be applied here. The phytoplankton and zooplankton abundance in the cooling pool at the Khmelnitsky Nuclear Power Plant (KhNPP) was characterized by heterogeneity that because the regulation of the ecosystem and control of major variables are represent rather problem [8]. The problems of benthification are not only pools [2,8] but also large lakes like Oneido, Great Lakes in America, and Volume 2 Issue 7 2017